Pump for refrigerating apparatus



April 21,- 1931.

o. M. SUMMERS 1,801,395

PUMP FOR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed April 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet I Zlvwcntov April 21', 1931- 0. M, SUMMERS 1,801,395

PUMP FOR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed April 30, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 21, 1931 UNITED STATES ATENT orrlcs OTTO M. SUMMERS, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGITOR TO FBIGIDAIBE CORPORATION, OI

' DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE ZPUMIP FOB BEFBIGERATIN'G AIP ARATUB Application filed April 30,

structure is composed of individual elements which can be manufactured in quantities individually and assembled intoa composite operating structure.

The invention contemplates providing a compressor which is composed of piston sections which are held in position b a retaining structure made of pressed meta or stampuniting relation with the other portions of ings.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a compressor in which other elements thereof are made of pressed metal.

' Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be'apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, wherein a preferred form of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 illustrates a section through a complete compressor of the invention;

Fig.2 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of the top portion of the compressor showing the method of assemcling the parts, and

Fig. 3 is a view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

'In' the construction of compressors such as those used for the compression of gases gen- 40 erally and of media used in refrigerating systems specifically, it is customary to construct the compressor as a casting which is then bored out to constitute a cylinder portion adapted to receive a piston. Frequently two or more cylinders are cast in a block and the 1928. Serial no; 274,086.

shape of the casting then requires expensive grmdmg and boring operations and to a greater extent than in the case of a single cylinder. In such cast compressors great care must be taken to align prpperly the cylinder boring with respect to the crankshaft bearings.

By means of the present invention means are provided for producin a structure having any desired number 0 cylinders, the in-' tegral parts of which may be fabricated individually and then assembled into an operating structure. This is effected by forming the cylinders as individual pipe-like members which may readily be produced in quantities and providin also a pressed steel or ressed metal unitlng structure capable of holding such individual cast cylinders in compressor chosen for illustrating the preferred-embodiment of the invention is composed of two cylinders 10 which are produced in any well-known manner, either as cast sections of pipe or drawn pipe sections. The interior of these cylinder members must be carefully ground and lapped so as to' fit accurately with the pistons when the compressor is assembled. The pistons are indicated by 11, one being shown in its upper position and the other in its lower position. The cylinders 10 are provided with externally located bosses 12 which enable them to be held rigidly, in positionas hereinafter described.

One of the main features of the invention resides in the method of assembling these individually constituted cylindersv 10. The

method used comprises forming a sheet metal bod portion 13 which is preferably pressed or ormed out of steel of suitable thickness and so shaped as to form a crankcase portion 14 and an upper portion 15 substantially an inte' al 0 lindroid shape. i

T e in ividual cylinders are shown held the flange 16 by means of a bolt 19 which' has a. shoulder 20 bearing against the upper most retaining ring 18 and which is adapted to draw the rings 18 and 1? tightly against the flange 1. 6 by means of a nut 2i. Suitable gaskets indicated 22 are interposed between the rings to insure a tight union or closure.

It is thus apparent that the cylinders 10 are retained in a llpltl manner by the casing 13 through intermedi ry of the flange l6 and the rings i7 and 18. In order to provide for the attachment of a cylinc er head which is indicated at 23, the bolt 19 extends upwardly as at 20 so that the cylinder head may be placed thereover d engaged thereby, this cylinder head serving also as valve plate or carrier. A cover is placed over the valve plate 23 and a ring rves by means of nut 26 operating on the in Jenn-0st threaded portion of bolt 19 to clamp the cover tightly in place against the valve plate 23 through intermediary oi he fl age 27. A packing or gasket is used to prevent lealrage.

The valve plate 28 is provided in the wellknown manner with ou let valve ertures 28 which are controlled by an outlet valve structure diagrammatically shown as 29, while the cylinders 10 are each provided with an inlet opening 61 in the side walls thereof.

Suitable valve connections maybe attached to the cover 24, a suitable method consisting in attaching the body of the valve 3Q to the cover by means of bolts 31, plate 82 and gasket 33.

The lower portion of the compressor is shown as formed to permit access to the c 'ankshaft as by providing a removable bottom held in place on the body 13 of the casing by the interengagingflanges 36 and 37, bolt 38, nut 39 and lockwasher 40, a suitable gasket being used if desired to prevent leakage. f

Provisions are made for suitably mounting the bearings of the crankshaft. In this specific embodiment,"'these provisions comprise a capsule 46 welded or brazed on the casing 13 and containing a bearing bushing 41 for one end of shaft 52 and a similar capsule 42 brazed or welded to theopposite wall of the compressor body and also containing a bushing 43 to support the. front bearing of the crankshaft. Both capsules may be attached in any well known manner as by welding indicated at 44.

The front bearing capsule 42 also acts as the housing for the stulling box or sealing system generally used in compressors of th1s type. For this purpose the shell of the captnonsos sule is bent so as to form flange 45 against which a suitable sealing member such as a metal bellows 58 may be clamped through clamping plates 47 and screw 48. This metal bellows 53 carries a sealing ring 49 which bears against shoulder 54 on a portion of the crankshaft. The piston is operatively connected to the crankshaft and caused to recip rocate within the cylinders by means of piston rods 50 which likewise may be made of sheet metal halves welded or riveted together. These engage suitable eccentrics such as 51 which are keyed to the shaft 52.

The crankcase is provided with an inlet opening 58 having a surrounding boss 59 to which is secured the nipple 60. inoperation, the fluid to be compressed enters the crankcase through the opening 58 and passes into the cylinders through openings 61. fill;- er compression, the compressed fluid is forced outwardly through the outlet apertures 28.

it is to be observed that the cylinders do not contact along their entire exterior body with the interior of the compressor but that they are retained rigidly in sealing relation with the body of the casing at the uppermost portion thereof as shown in l and as hereinbefore described.

By means of the structure shown and described above it is possible to construct a coinpressor either for air compression or for use in mechanical refrigerators which may be produced very economically and with great precision since the parts are all adapted to be individually manufactured separately from each other and are adapted to be united readily into a composite working structure. Likewise the structure is equally capable of being dismantled for repair and replacement purposes, thus reducing up-keep to aminimum. It is appreciated that if one iston or cylinder should become scored or amaged, it is not necessary to discard the entire block including the good cylinders but that it is merely necessary to remove the defective one, insert a replacement and continue operating as before.

Furthermore since the body is made of pressed sheet metal the amount of defective compressors produced is reduced since there is no danger of blowholes or flaws in the metal, which is a diiliculty encountered in the construction of cast compressors.

While the form of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed, constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is as follows:

-1. In a compressor for refrigerants, in combination, a sheet metal housing adapted to form a crank case portion and a cylinder supporting portion, a cast metal cylinder secured to said last mentioned portion, a shaft projecting into said crank case portion, bear-' ings for said shaft secured to said sheet metal housin and a pistonin said cylinder, said piston ing operatively connected to said shaft.

2, For compressors for refrigerants, a sheet metal housing having a substantially integral cylindroid sha a forming a cylinder supporting portion an a crank case portion therein, and a flange at both ends of said housing and removable sheet metal closure members supported on said flanges.

In testimony whereof I hereto ailix my signature.

OTTO M. SUMMERS. 

